CBS News.com – 2007-11-13 21:17:19

http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/11/13/cbsnews_investigates/main3496471.shtml

The Veteran Suicide Epidemic
CBSNews.com

NEW YORK (November 13, 2007) — They are the casualties of wars you don’t often hear about — soldiers who die of self-inflicted wounds. Little is known about the true scope of suicides among those who have served in the military.

But a five-month CBS News investigation discovered data that shows a startling rate of suicide, what some call a hidden epidemic, Chief Investigative Reporter Armen Keteyian reports exclusively.

“I just felt like this silent scream inside of me,” said Jessica Harrell, the sister of a soldier who took his own life.

“I opened up the door and there he was,” recalled Mike Bowman, the father of an Army reservist.

“I saw the hose double looped around his neck,” said Kevin Lucey, another military father.

“He was gone,” said Mia Sagahon, whose soldier boyfriend committed suicide.

Keteyian spoke with the families of five former soldiers who each served in Iraq — only to die battling an enemy they could not conquer. Their loved ones are now speaking out in their names. They survived the hell that’s Iraq and then they come home only to lose their life.

Twenty-three-year-old Marine Reservist Jeff Lucey hanged himself with a garden hose in the cellar of this parents’ home — where his father, Kevin, found him. “There’s a crisis going on and people are just turning the other way,” Kevin Lucey said.

Kim and Mike Bowman’s son Tim was an Army reservist who patrolled one of the most dangerous places in Baghdad, known as Airport Road. “His eyes when he came back were just dead. The light wasn’t there anymore,” Kim Bowman said. Eight months later, on Thanksgiving Day, Tim shot himself. He was 23.

Diana Henderson’s son, Derek, served three tours of duty in Iraq. He died jumping off a bridge at 27. “Going to that morgue and seeing my baby … my life will never be the same,” she said.

Beyond the individual loss, it turns out little information exists about how widespread suicides are among these who have served in the military. There have been some studies, but no one has ever counted the numbers nationwide.

“Nobody wants to tally it up in the form of a government total,” Bowman said. Why do the families think that is? “Because they don’t want the true numbers of casualties to really be known,” Lucey said.

Sen. Patty Murray, D-Wash., is a member of the Veterans Affairs Committee. “If you’re just looking at the overall number of veterans themselves who’ve committed suicide, we have not been able to get the numbers,” Murray said.

CBS News’ investigative unit wanted the numbers, so it submitted a Freedom of Information Act request to the Department of Defense asking for the numbers of suicides among all service members for the past 12 years.

Four months later, they sent CBS News a document, showing that between 1995 and 2007, there were almost 2,200 suicides. That’s 188 last year alone. But these numbers included only “active duty” soldiers.

CBS News went to the Department of Veterans Affairs, where Dr. Ira Katz is head of mental health. “There is no epidemic in suicide in the VA, but suicide is a major problem,” he said.

Why hasn’t the VA done a national study seeking national data on how many veterans have committed suicide in this country? “That research is ongoing,” he said.

So CBS News did an investigation — asking all 50 states for their suicide data, based on death records, for veterans and non-veterans, dating back to 1995. Forty-five states sent what turned out to be a mountain of information.

And what it revealed was stunning.

In 2005, for example, in just those 45 states, there were at least 6,256 suicides among those who served in the armed forces. That’s 120 each and every week, in just one year.

Dr. Steve Rathburn is the acting head of the biostatistics department at the University of Georgia. CBS News asked him to run a detailed analysis of the raw numbers that we obtained from state authorities for 2004 and 2005.

It found that veterans were more than twice as likely to commit suicide in 2005 than non-vets. (Veterans committed suicide at the rate of between 18.7 to 20.8 per 100,000, compared to other Americans, who did so at the rate of 8.9 per 100,000.)

One age group stood out. Veterans aged 20 through 24, those who have served during the war on terror. They had the highest suicide rate among all veterans, estimated between two and four times higher than civilians the same age. (The suicide rate for non-veterans is 8.3 per 100,000, while the rate for veterans was found to be between 22.9 and 31.9 per 100,000.)

“Wow! Those are devastating,” said Paul Sullivan, a former VA analyst who is now an advocate for veterans rights from the group Veterans For Common Sense. “Those numbers clearly show an epidemic of mental health problems,” he said.

“We are determined to decrease veteran suicides,” Dr. Katz said. “One hundred and twenty a week. Is that a problem?” Keteyian asked.

“You bet it’s a problem,” he said.

Is it an epidemic?

“Suicide in America is an epidemic, and that includes veterans,” Katz said.

Sen. Murray said the numbers CBS News uncovered are significant: “These statistics tell me we’ve really failed people that served our country.”

Do these numbers serve as a wake-up call for this country? “If these numbers don’t wake up this country, nothing will,” she said. “We each have a responsibility to the men and women who serve us aren’t lost when they come home.”

An update: Another member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, Sen. Daniel Akaka, D-Hawaii, responded to the CBS News story Tuesday.

“The report that the rate of suicide among veterans is double that of the general population is deeply troubling and simply unacceptable. I am especially concerned that so many young veterans appear to be taking their own lives. For too many veterans, returning home from battle does not bring an end to conflict. There is no question that action is needed.”

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Iraq Troops Suicide Rate Spikes
But Military Says It’s Doing
All It Can To Prevent Self-Harm
CBS/AP< WASHINGTON, (January 14, 2004) — The Army's suicide rate in Iraq has been about a third higher than past rates for troops during peacetime, the Pentagon's top doctor said Wednesday. Also, the military still has about 2,500 troops waiting for medical care after returning from overseas, said Dr. William Winkenwerder, the assistant secretary of defense for health affairs. The Pentagon is preparing for even more soldiers on "medical extension" after tens of thousands of troops are rotated home from Iraq this spring, Winkenwerder said. The issue of suicides so worried the military that the Army sent an assessment team to Iraq late last year to see if anything more could be done to prevent troops from killing themselves. The Army also began offering more counseling to returning troops after several soldiers at Fort Bragg, N.C., killed their wives and themselves after returning home from the war. Winkenwerder said the military has documented 21 suicides during 2003 among troops involved in the Iraq war. Eighteen of those were Army soldiers, Winkenwerder said. That's a suicide rate for soldiers in Iraq of about 13.5 per 100,000, Winkenwerder said. During recent peacetime years, that number for the Army has hovered around 10.5 to 11 per 100,000, Winkenwerder said. "We don't see any trend there that tells us that there's more we might be doing," Winkenwerder told a breakfast meeting of Pentagon reporters. The military has nine combat stress teams in Iraq to help treat troops' mental health problems, and each division has a psychiatrist, psychologist and social worker, Winkenwerder said. He said between 300 and 400 troops have been medically evacuated from Iraq for mental health problems. The military prefers to treat mental health problems such as depression by keeping troops in their regular duties while they get counseling and possibly medication, Winkenwerder said. Less than one percent of the troops in Iraq are treated for mental issues during an average week, he said. Winkenwerder said he had no specifics on the number of troops being treated for battlefield stress, although the military is focused on treating that problem. "We believe they are being identified, they are being supported," Winkenwerder said. The military also is working to solve the issue of soldiers awaiting medical care. Since November, about 1,900 of the 4,400 troops waiting for medical care have been treated, Winkenwerder said. But the military expects more problems when tens of thousands of troops are rotated in and out of Iraq this spring, Winkenwerder said. Many of those troops may have to wait at various bases for medical treatment such as physical therapy for injuries, he said. The Army is working to sign contracts with civilian medical providers and bringing in more staff from the Navy, Air Force and Department of Veterans Affairs to help, Winkenwerder said. According to Pentagon statistics, from 1980 to 2002 4,969 US servicemembers killed themselves. As a cause of death for military personnel, suicide ranked behind accidents (20,609 from 1980 to 2002) and illness (6,436 from 1980 to 2002). But there were more suicides than deaths from hostile action, terrorist attack, homicide or undetermined causes put together over the 22-year period. From 1980 to 2003, the overall military suicide rate ranged from a high of 15 per 100,000 in 1995 to a low of 7.7 per 100,000 in 2002. That compares to an overall US suicide rate of 10.8 per 100,000 in 2001, according to the National Center for Vital Statistics. © MMVII, CBS Interactive, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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FYI: Suicide Warning Signs and Getting Help
CBS News.com
How to Spot Warning Signs

The Department of Veterans Affairs provides the following warning signs.

# Talking about wanting to hurt or kill oneself
# Trying to get pills, guns, or other ways to harm oneself
# Talking or writing about death, dying, or suicide
# Hopelessness
# Rage, uncontrolled anger, seeking revenge
# Acting in a reckless or risky way
# Feeling trapped, like there’s no way out
# Saying or feeling there’s no reason for living

For more on mental health services at the Dept of Veterans Affairs, call the VA’s suicide hotline at 800.273.TALK (8255).

Suicide Signs Unique to Vets
Experts on suicide prevention say for veterans there are some particular signs to watch for.

# Calling old friends, particularly military friends, to say goodbye
# Cleaning a weapon that they may have as a souvenir
# Visits to graveyards
# Obsessed with news coverage of the war, the military channel
# Wearing their uniform or part of their uniform, boots, etc
# Talking about how honorable it is to be a soldier
# Sleeping more (sometimes the decision to commit suicide brings a sense of peace of mind, and they sleep more to withdraw)
# Becoming overprotective of children
# Standing guard of the house, perhaps while everyone is asleep staying up to “watch over” the house, obsessively locking doors, windows
# If they are on medication, stopping medication and/or hording medication
# Hording alcohol — not necessarily hard alcohol, could be wine
# Spending spree, buying gifts for family members and friends “to remember me by”
# Defensive speech “you wouldn’t understand,” etc.
# Stop making eye contact or speaking with others

Where to Get Help
Hotline for Veterans
Veterans who need help immediate counseling should call the hotline run by Veterans Affairs professionals at 1-800-273-TALK and press 1 identifying themselves as military veterans. Staff members are specially trained to take calls from military veterans and its staffed 24 hours a day, everyday. While all operators are trained to help veterans, some are also former military.

Clinical Care
To find the closest Dept of Veterans Affairs facility to you that has mental health professionals, go to this Web site and type in your zip code.

Veterans Affairs Health Benefits
# Read more about what benefits are available to veterans.
# To find out more about what kind of services returning service members qualify for, check out this summary at the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Related Links

Air Force Suicide Prevention Program

Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine
410.671.4656

Navy Environmental Health Center’s Suicide Prevention site
757.953.0959

Marine Corps Suicide Prevention Program

National Center for PTSD
802.296.6300

Nonprofit group Give An Hour

SAMHSA’s National Suicide Prevention Lifeline
800.273.8255
TTY: 800.799.4889

Recent Legislation to Prevent Veteran Suicide
On November 6, 2007, President Bush signed into law the Joshua Omvig Veterans Suicide Prevention Act. It’s named after a soldier who committed suicide in Grundy County, Iowa, in December 2005, after serving an 11-month tour in Iraq. The bill requires the Department of Veteran’s Affairs to meet deadlines in providing the following services:

# Train VA staff on suicide prevention and mental health care
# Staff each VA medical facility with a suicide prevention counselor
# Screen soldiers who seek care through the VA for mental health needs
# Support outreach and education for veterans and their families
# Research the most effective strategies for suicide prevention
# Create a peer support counseling program so veterans can help other veterans

However, while the bill requires the VA to provide these services, it provides no new funding.

By Laura Strickler with reporting from Sarah Fitzpatrick in Washington.

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Posted in accordance with Title 17, US Code, for noncommercial, educational purposes.