BBC News & International Herald Tribune – 2007-11-17 21:40:31
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7100298.stm
Army Head Concerned over Morale
BBC News
LONDON (November 18, 2007) — The head of the British Army has expressed concern about poor morale among troops. Gen Sir Richard Dannatt also raised the issue of the strain placed on resources by operations in Iraq and Afghanistan. According to an internal report obtained by the Sunday Telegraph, Sir Richard said troops felt “devalued, angry and suffering from Iraq fatigue”.
The Ministry of Defence said he was referring to individuals, who were not necessarily widely representative.
A spokesman said: “The feedback given by lower ranks in the army helps the chief of the general staff to stay firmly in touch with life across the army and this helps to guide in him his discussions with the chain of command and in his decision making process.”
‘Care package’
The report catalogues disquiet on a wide range of issues facing soldiers, including poor housing when they are in the UK. Gen Dannatt also said the military covenant – the guarantee of a duty of care between the government and the armed forces – is “clearly out of kilter”. He added: “We must strive to give individuals and units ample recuperation time between operations, but I do not underestimate how difficult this will be to achieve whilst under-manned and with less robust establishments than I would like.”
Gen Dannatt issued a further statement on Saturday in which he said: “The military covenant is not broken, but more needs to be done. In response to our concerns we have had some welcome news this year on medical treatment, equipment, pay and improvements in accommodation.”
In a separate Sunday Telegraph article, Defence Secretary Des Browne said concerns the covenant “is in any way broken are wrong”.
He said the government was now “asking a lot” of the services and their families and Iraq and Afghanistan were placing “huge demands” on personnel.
He added: “That does not mean that we, the government, cannot do better. “But the truth is that we strive constantly to ensure that the armed forces have the best possible package of care.”
In September, Gen Dannatt said he was becoming increasingly concerned about “the growing gulf between the Army and the nation”. He said soldiers were sometimes greeted with indifference on returning from service and contrasted the attitude in Britain with support for soldiers among people in the United States.
© BBC MMVII
US Army Desertion Rates Rise 80 Percent since 2003 Iraq Invasion; Highest Rate since 1980
Associated Press / International Herald Tribune
WASHINGTON (November 16, 2007) — After six years of war in Afghanistan and Iraq, American soldiers are deserting their posts at the highest rate since 1980. The number of US Army deserters this year shows an 80 percent increase since the United States invaded Iraq in 2003.
The totals remain far lower than they were during the Vietnam War, when conscription was in effect, but they show a steady increase over the past four years and a 42 percent jump since last year.
“We’re asking a lot of soldiers these days,” said Roy Wallace, director of plans and resources for Army personnel. “They’re humans. They have all sorts of issues back home and other places like that. So, I’m sure it has to do with the stress of being a soldier.”
The Army defines a deserter as someone who has been absent without leave for longer than 30 days. The soldier is then discharged as a deserter.
According to the Army, about nine in every 1,000 soldiers deserted in fiscal year 2007, which ended Sept. 30, compared with nearly seven per 1,000 a year earlier. Overall, 4,698 soldiers deserted this year, compared with 3,301 last year.
The Army has had to bear the brunt of the war demands as many soldiers served repeated, lengthy tours in Iraq and Afghanistan. Military leaders — including Army Chief of Staff Gen. George Casey — have acknowledged that the Army has been stretched nearly to the breaking point by the combat. Efforts are under way to increase the size of the Army and Marine Corps to lessen the burden and give troops more time off between deployments.
“We have been concentrating on this,” said Wallace. “The Army can’t afford to throw away good people. We have got to work with those individuals and try to help them become good soldiers.”
Still, he noted that “the military is not for everybody; not everybody can be a soldier.” And those who want to leave the service will find a way to do it, he said.
While the Army does not have an up-to-date profile of deserters, more than 75 percent of them are soldiers in their first term of enlistment, and most are male.
Soldiers can sign on initially for two to six years. Wallace said he did not know whether deserters were more likely to be those who enlisted for a short or long tour.
At the same time, he said that even as desertions have increased, the Army has seen some overall success in keeping first-term soldiers in the service.
There are four main ways that soldiers can leave the Army before their first enlistment contract is up:
• They are determined unable to meet physical requirements.
• They are found to be unable to adapt to the military.
• They say they are gay and are required to leave under the so-called “don’t ask, don’t tell” policy.
• They go AWOL, or absent without leave.
According to Wallace, in the summer of 2005, more than 18 percent of the soldiers in their first six months of service left under one of those four provisions. In June 2007, that number had dropped to about 7 percent.
The decline, he said, is largely due to a drop in the number of soldiers who leave due to physical fitness or health reasons.
Army desertion rates have fluctuated since the Vietnam War, when they peaked at 5 percent. In the 1970s they hovered between 1 and 3 percent, which is up to three out of every 100 soldiers. Those rates plunged in the 1980s and early 1990s to between 2 and 3 out of every 1,000 soldiers.
Desertions began to creep up in the late 1990s into the turn of the century, when the United States conducted an air war in Kosovo and later sent peacekeeping troops there.
The numbers declined in 2003 and 2004, in the early years of the Iraq war, but then began to increase steadily.
In contrast, the Navy has seen a steady decline in deserters since 2001, going from 3,665 that year to 1,129 in 2007.
The Marine Corps, meanwhile, has seen the number of deserters stay fairly stable over that period, with about 1,000 deserters a year. During 2003 and 2004, the first two years of the Iraq war, the number of deserters fell to 877 and 744, respectively.
The Air Force can claim the fewest deserters, with no more than 56 bolting in each of the past five years. The low was in the budget year 2007, with just 16 deserters.
Despite the continued increase in Army desertions, however, an Associated Press examination of Pentagon figures this year showed that the military does little to find those who bolt, and rarely prosecutes the ones they find. Some are allowed to simply return to their units, while most are given less-than-honorable discharges.
“My personal opinion is the only way to stop desertions is to change the climate, … how they are living and doing what they need to do,” said Wallace, adding that good officers and more attention from Army leaders could “go a long way to stemming desertions.”
Unlike those in the Vietnam era, deserters from the Iraq and Afghanistan wars may not find a haven in Canada. The United States’ northern neighbor was a favorite destination of many draft evaders and deserters seeking a way out of fighting in that unpopular war.
Just this week, the Supreme Court of Canada refused to hear the appeals of two Army deserters who sought refugee status to avoid the war in Iraq. The ruling left them without a legal basis to stay in Canada and dealt a blow to other Americans in similar circumstances.
The court, as is usual, did not provide a reason for the decision.
On the Net:
US Army: http://www.us.army.mil
US Navy: http://www.navy.mil
US Air Force: http://www.af.mil
US Marines: http://www.usmc.mil
Posted in accordance with Title 17, US Code, for noncommercial, educational purposes.
