Al Jazeera.net – 2008-02-22 00:02:22
http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/E0A8E419-9F77-4013-9621-46D54478E84A.htm
WELLINGTON (February 22, 2008) — Delegates from more than 120 countries have failed to reach an agreement on banning the use of cluster bombs during a five-day conference in Wellington, New Zealand.
John Duncan, the UK’s chief negotiator, said on Friday that “intense negotiations” would be needed at a final round of talks in May if a treaty is to be established.
China, Russia and the US, all manufacturers of the weapons, are not attending.
The talks are part of a Norwegian initiative – known as the Oslo process — launched in February last year.
Phil Goff, New Zealand’s disarmament minister, said all of the parties agreed to continue the process.
Cluster munitions contain small so-called “bomblets” which scatter over a wide area and which sometimes explode only decades after a conflict, killing and maiming civilians.
They are built to explode above the ground, releasing thousands of bomblets intended to detonate on impact. But a series of studies have shown that as many as 40 per cent of the bomblets fail to go off immediately and instead go off much later when disturbed by civilians.
For example, according to conference organisers, Israel’s use of cluster bombs during the 2006 war in Lebanon led to more than 200 civilian casualties in the 12 months following the ceasefire.
“What we’re trying to prohibit is those cluster munitions that cause unacceptable harm to civilians,” Don Mackay, the conference chairman and New Zealand’s disarmament ambassador, told The Associated Press.
Protecting Civilians
Opening the conference on Monday, Goff said that protecting civilians was a key element of the proposed treaty.
He told delegates: “The challenge before us is to build agreement among a sufficient mass of countries, including those who possess cluster munitions, to form a legally binding treaty to stop unacceptable harm to civilians.”
New Zealand is one of six governments leading the process, along with Austria, Ireland, Mexico, Norway and Peru.
The move to ban the controversial weapons has been backed by 83 nations, but significant countries such as China, Russia and the United States – the main manufacturers of the munitions – remain opposed to a ban.
They have not joined the process and have not sent observers to the Wellington conference.
The conference has been organised by the Cluster Munitions Coalition (CMC), a network of 200 civil society organisations including leaders from the Nobel Peace Prize-winning International Campaign to Ban Landmines.
Thomas Nash, the coalition’s co-ordinator, told the conference: “After a year of remarkable progress to save lives, this is the moment of truth when countries must show their resolve and commit to negotiate the new treaty.”
According to the CMC, France, Germany, Japan and the UK have been stepping up diplomatic pressure to weaken the draft treaty by excluding certain weapons, including a transition period and allowing the use of cluster bombs in joint military operations with countries that do not sign the treaty.
But Steve Goose, a spokesman for US-based Human Rights Watch, said countries that were serious about saving lives would support strong measures.
“The treaty must not be weakened to pander to the interest of users, producers and stockpilers,” he said.
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