The Associated Press & Richard Norton-Taylor / The Guardian – 2010-05-27 11:08:39
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/27/world/europe/27britain.html
LONDON (May 26, 2010) — Britain disclosed Wednesday that it has a stockpile of 225 nuclear warheads, its first public accounting of its total nuclear arsenal.
The announcement, made without fanfare in the House of Commons, followed the Obama administration’s recent disclosure that the United States has 5,113 nuclear warheads in its arsenal and “several thousand” more retired warheads awaiting the junk pile — the first public description of the secretive stockpile born in the cold war and now shrinking rapidly.
The United States made the announcement at the May 3 opening of a five-year review of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, considered the cornerstone of global disarmament efforts, where Washington and its allies are seeking stronger measures to prevent the spread of nuclear arms. Britain made its announcement as the month-long conference at the United Nations nears an end on Friday, with intense debate under way on a final document.
“We believe that the time is now right to be more open about the weapons we hold,” Foreign Secretary William Hague told the House of Commons. “We judge that this will assist in building a climate of trust between nuclear and nonnuclear weapons states and contribute, therefore, to future efforts to reduce the number of nuclear weapons worldwide.”
Britain had earlier disclosed that it possessed 160 operational warheads, but Mr. Hague’s comment that the country’s “overall stockpile of nuclear warheads will not exceed 225 warheads” was the first time the size of the total stockpile had been revealed. The Foreign Office later said the 225 figure was the number of warheads the country now held.
Countries that do not possess nuclear weapons have long demanded more openness from the nuclear-weapon states — the United States, Britain, France, Russia and China — about the size and nature of their arsenals as an essential step toward nuclear disarmament, which is a crucial plank in the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. Four other nations have or are suspected of having atomic arms — Israel, India, Pakistan and North Korea.
Britain’s Nuclear Arsenal Is 225 Warheads
Richard Norton-Taylor / The Guardian
LONDON (26 May 2010) — William Hague, the foreign secretary, today announced a review into the circumstances when the government might use nuclear weapons as he disclosed the maximum number of warheads in Britain’s arsenal.
Describing what he called a “more open” policy, Hague said Britain’s total number of nuclear warheads would not exceed 225, including the maximum 160 already declared as “operationally available.”
He also signalled that the coalition government is likely to downgrade the importance of nuclear weapons in military strategy reflecting decisions announced last month by the US.
The British review is expected to conclude that the UK would rule out using nuclear weapons in retaliation against attacks involving biological or chemical, or conventional non-nuclear weapons.
However, it is expected to make an exception, as the Obama administration did, for Iran arguing that Tehran is covertly developing nuclear weapons.
Successive British governments have based their nuclear doctrine on the principle that potential enemies would be deterred by the principle of “calculated ambiguity” or “uncertainty” about the circumstances in which they would be launched. The Labour government suggested it might use them against an attack with biological or chemical weapon by a non-nuclear state.
“We believe that the time is now right to be more open about the weapons we hold. We judge that this will assist in building a climate of trust between nuclear and non-nuclear weapons states and contribute therefore to future efforts to reduce the number of nuclear weapons worldwide,” Hague told the Commons.
He said: “The UK has long been clear that we would only consider using nuclear weapons in self-defence, including the defence of our Nato allies.
“However we are prepared to look again at our declaratory policy to ensure that it is fully appropriate to the political and security context in 2010 and beyond, and we will begin this work now.”
Hague added: “This country has been deliberately ambiguous over the precise circumstances of use.”
Liam Fox, the defence secretary, said: “Openness and transparency are essential if we are to move towards multilateral disarmament.” The moves were announced as the Nuclear Proliferation Review conference in New York is drawing to an end.
The Labour government said four years ago when it announced a decision to renew the Trident missile system that it would cut Britain’s 160 “operational warheads” by 20%. However, it had yet to do so, Whitehall officials said.
A decision has also to be made during this parliament about whether new warheads would be developed at the Aldermaston Atomic Weapons Establishment. The Obama administration said in its new Nuclear Posture Review last month that the US would not manufacture any new nuclear warheads.
Former Liberal Democrat leader Sir Menzies Campbell called for the Trident nuclear defence system to be included in the forthcoming strategic defence review — something the Conservatives have so far opposed — saying it was “illogical” to exclude it.
Under the coalition agreement, Trident would only be examined on the basis of “value for money.”
Campbell said: I don’t believe you can consider it from the point of view of value for money, if you don’t consider the requirement for it and whether there are reasonable alternatives.”
France has said its arsenal will include fewer than 300 nuclear warheads.. The US announced earlier this month that it had 5,113 warheads in its stockpile.
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