Al Jazeera & Agence France-Presse & Times of India & Oil Price.com – 2011-06-07 00:02:42
http://english.aljazeera.net/programmes/countingthecost/2011/06/20116373125702906.html
The Battle for the South China Sea
Who owns the world’s busiest shipping lane and what lies below the surface that is causing growing tensions?
Counting the Cost / Al Jazeera
(June 4, 2011) — Six countries are all scrambling for the South China Sea. China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Brunei, Taiwan and Malaysia are all making claims to it.
But why now? China estimates there could be up to 213 billion barrels of oil beneath the sea. This would mean China would have the world’s second-largest proven oil reserves, just falling behind Saudi Arabia, which has 264 billion barrels. There are also estimates of up to two quadrillion cubic feet of hydrocarbon natural gas. Counting the Cost also reports on protecting the rain forests. The clash between business and environment in Indonesia where a two-year government ban on rainforest logging is facing challenges.
Counting the Cost airs each week at the following times GMT: Friday: 2230; Saturday: 0930; Sunday: 0330; Monday: 1630.
US Fears Clashes in South China Sea: Gates
Agence France-Presse & Times of India
SINGAPORE (June 4, 2011) — US defense secretary Robert Gates warned on Saturday that clashes may erupt in the South China Sea unless nations with conflicting territorial claims adopt a mechanism to settle disputes peacefully.
“There are increasing concerns. I think we should not lose any time in trying to strengthen these mechanisms that I’ve been talking about for dealing with competing claims in the South China Sea,” he said. “I fear that without rules of the road, without agreed approaches to deal with these problems, that there will be clashes. I think that serves nobody’s interests,” Gates told a security conference in Singapore, before flying to Kabul.
The islands at the centre of the long-running dispute are the Paracel archipelago and the more southerly Spratlys, both potentially resource-rich outcrops that straddle strategic shipping lanes. China, the Philippines, Taiwan, Brunei, Malaysia and Vietnam have laid claim to overlapping sections of the territories.
Gates called on the countries involved to build on a 2002 agreement between the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and China setting a “code of conduct” aimed at resolving disputes peacefully. Diplomatic tensions have risen in recent weeks following allegations of increased Chinese activity in the area.
On Friday, Philippines President Benigno Aquino said the country had documented up to seven incidents in less than four months in which China trespassed into what Manila considers its territorial waters.
One of the incidents involved a Chinese vessel allegedly opening fire on Filipino fishermen, he added. In May, Chinese maritime ships confronted a Vietnamese oil exploration vessel between the Paracels and the Spratlys. Hanoi also reported that Chinese ships fired warning shots at Vietnamese fishermen near the Spratly islands last Wednesday, which the Chinese foreign ministry has denied.
“As far as I know, the relevant reports are purely without foundation. China is dedicated to maintaining peace and stability in the South China Sea,” spokesman Hong Lei said in a statement. “China wishes to work with relevant countries to make the South China Sea a sea of peace, friendship and cooperation.”
Offshore Oil Dispute in South China Sea Has Enormous Global Implications
Oil Price.com
(June 3, 2011) — The world’s unceasing quest for new oil deposits has combined with offshore technology to impel many countries to investigate their offshore resources in their “exclusive economic zone,” (EEZ) defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea Part V, Article 55 as extending 200 nautical miles from a nation’s coastline.
Difficulties arise in congested maritime areas where overlapping claims create friction, and one of the most contested areas in the world today are the waters surrounding the Spratly islands of the South China Sea.
The Spratly islands consist of more than 750 islands, islets, atolls and cays and their EEZ real estate is variously claimed by China, the Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia and Brunei. While there are no native islanders, about 45 islands of the archipelago are now occupied by Vietnamese, Chinese, Taiwanese, Malaysian and Filipino forces, all determined to assert their nations’ claims of sovereignty. Given the potential resources, the possibility of confrontation is significant and is already occurring.
On Wednesday the Philippines said it had formally protested to China about its intentions to situate an oil rig in the disputed waters of the South China Sea. China’s charge d’affaires in Manila was summoned to the foreign ministry where it “requested clarification from the Chinese embassy on the recent sightings of a China Marine Surveillance vessel and other People’s Liberation Army Navy ships.”
Filipino officials queried the Chinese diplomat about Beijing’s apparent intention to install in July its most advanced offshore oil rig in the South China Sea near the Amy Douglas Bank, which is “well within the Philippines’ 200 nautical miles Exclusive Economic Zone.” The rig’s intended site is about 26 nautical miles from Flat Island, one of the outcrops in the Spratlys archipelago occupied by the Philippines, and 125 nautical miles from the Philippine island of Palawan.
The issue is a complex skein of international law, as China claims all of both the Spratly and the Paracel Islands in the South China Sea as well as their adjacent waters but the Philippines maintains that any construction in the area violates a 2002 agreement signed by China and the 10 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) member states.
Moving on the diplomatic front beyond bilateral relations, in March the Philippines filed a formal protest at the United Nations over China’s claims to the Spratly islands and adjacent South China Sea waters.
The Spratly dispute has enormous implications for the global quest for offshore hydrocarbons. China’s immense economic and military power make it the dominant power in the dispute, but it is worth remembering that China and Vietnam fought a brief but bloody border war in 1979.
It is in the world’s interest to support a diplomatic solution to the problem, which, if successful, could provide a template for other disputed maritime disputes, most notably an equitable division of the Caspian’s offshore waters, an issue unresolved since the 1991 collapse of the USSR, which saw the diplomatic arrangements between the Soviet Union and Iran replaced by conflicting claims between Iran and the USSR successor state of the Russian Federation, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan.
Posted in accordance with Title 17, Section 107, US Code, for noncommercial, educational purposes.
