Joel Brinkley / Chicago Tribun – 2013-11-26 02:59:00
http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/columnists/sns-201311191400–tms–amvoicesctnav-b20131119-20131119,0,7098924.column
Critical Worldwide Shortages Could Lead to Water Wars
Joel Brinkley / Chicago Tribune
(November 19, 2013) — Get ready for the water wars.
Most of the world’s population takes water for granted, just like air — two life-sustaining substances. After all, the human body is nearly two-thirds water.
But a Hindustan Times blogger said that in India right now, as in so many other places around the globe, drinkable water has become such a “precious commodity” that it’s dragging the world into “water wars to follow the ones for the control of fuel oil.”
Climate change is drying up lakes and rivers almost everywhere. In Australia, for example, an unprecedented heat wave brought on massive wildfires and critical water shortages.
As water grows scarce, more and countries are building dams on rivers to hog most of the water for themselves, depriving the nations downstream. Already, Egypt had threatened to bomb the Grand Renaissance Dam upstream on the Nile River in Ethiopia.
And as the Earth’s population crossed the 7 billion mark last year, more and more water sources are so polluted that drinking the water can kill you. No one’s counting, but various government and private estimates indicate that worldwide, tens of thousands of children die each and every day from drinking contaminated water.
By most estimates, half the world’s people live in places where clean water is not easily available. Bangalore, India, for example once had 400 lakes in its vicinity. Now, the New Indian Express newspaper wrote, only 40 are left, and all of them are polluted.
Hence the fights. One of the biggest areas of conflict is the India-Pakistan-China nexus. Multiple rivers intertwine the countries, and as water levels fall, all three are building dams to keep much of the water for themselves.
China has built more dams than any other nation, making numerous countries angry because Chinese rivers flow into more adjacent states than from any other state. And yet, even with 14 different downstream border states, China refuses to agree to any water treaties. Right now, China has approved plans to build 54 more dams on rivers, many of which serve as the lifeblood of neighboring states.
In China’s north, “desertification” is turning vast areas into dust bowls. So the government is trying to divert 6 trillion gallons of water per year from the Yangtze River to reclaim the area, worrying people in other parts of China who rely on the Yangtze for their own water.
In Iran, farmers in one region destroyed a water-pump station that was carrying water away from their area to the city of Yazd. That started a fight with security forces, but the farmers are remaining on station to make sure the pump is not rebuilt.
A recent NASA study warned of an “alarming rate of decrease in total water storage” in Iraq’s “Tigris and Euphrates river basins, which currently have the second fastest rate of groundwater storage loss on Earth, after India.” The report warned that water scarcity could become another cause of conflict.
Egypt’s military threats against Ethiopia begin to make sense when you realize that Egypt’s 84 million people draw 95 percent of their water from the Nile River. A common saying is that without the Nile there is no Egypt.
The U.S. House of Representatives recently held a hearing on water shortages and other threats in Central Asia, and Rep. Dana Rohrbacher, a California Republican, warned of another potential conflict, quoting Uzbekistan’s president, Islam Karimov: “Uzbekistan will even use weapons if necessary” against its northern neighbor Kazakhstan “to get the water passing through (Kyrgyzstan) territory that we intend to accumulate in reservoirs.”
In Sri Lanka this month, the Daily News wrote: “We can live many days without food, but without water it is about three days.” Still, “we can’t seem to get the right water to the right people at the right time. … More people have access to cell phones than safe water.”
So where is all this water going? With ever-rising temperatures, more and more water evaporates and returns to the ground as rain. But most of it falls into the oceans. That’s one reason sea levels are rising worldwide, threatening vast coastal areas.
But all of that leaves the world with an expensive but straightforward solution to the water-shortage problem everywhere. Build desalination plants, as Australia, Israel, Saudi Arabia and other well-off, water-stressed states are already doing.
Soon enough, whichever country starts marketing these critically important plants worldwide will make a lot of money and grow to be seen as a savior for millions of the world’s people.
Water Source of Fights in California, Other States
Joel Brinkley / San Francisco Chronicle
(November 22, 2013) — While fights over water simmer around the world, the United States has its own share of arguments and debates – one of them right here in California. The state is depleting groundwater aquifers at a rapid rate. That’s one reason for the controversial proposal to build a pair of tunnels on the east side of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta to bring water south.
A lively debate over the project’s viability and suggested benefits continues, but at least it has not yet led to lawsuits, as have similar debates elsewhere in the country.
Florida, Georgia and Alabama are locked in an angry dispute over who has rights to waters in a shared river basin. The argument seemed unresolvable, as Congress has generally declined to get involved. But last month, Florida filed a federal lawsuit charging Georgia with hogging too much of the rivers’ water. Georgia argues that it has full rights to the water in the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers that flow through the Atlanta metropolitan area, home to more than 5 million people.
Its neighbors say Georgia uses so much of the water that too little flows into the Apalachicola Bay, devastating the oyster population and the oyster industry.
At the same time, officials from Montana to West Virginia have been writing to President Obama, the Associated Press reported, asking him to intervene on one side or another of another acrimonious debate over whether upstream reservoir water from the Missouri River should be released into the Mississippi River. As it is, for part of the winter, the Mississippi’s water level falls so low that it cannot accommodate ships and barges carrying billions of dollars worth of grain and other agriculture products from America’s heartland to market.
That’s a sampling of “water wars” sprouting around the United States. Sooner or later, Congress is going to have to step up.
Joel Brinkley is the Hearst professional in residence at Stanford University and a Pulitzer Prize-winning former correspondent for The New York Times.
(c) 2013 By Joel Brinkley; Distributed by Tribune Content Agency, LLC
Posted in accordance with Title 17, Section 107, US Code, for noncommercial, educational purposes.
