Friends Committee on National Legislation Newsletter – 2017-06-04 22:03:40
https://www.fcnl.org/updates/more-bombs-won-t-bring-more-peace-805
Darrin Bell / Washington Post Writers Group
More Bombs Won’t Bring More Peace
Friends Committee on National Legislation Newsletter
(May 2017 Issue) — President Donald Trump is proposing massive increases in Pentagon spending. Lamenting that “we never win wars anymore,” the president sought a $30 billion increase in the Pentagon’s budget this year, to be followed by $54 billion more next year. In Congress, leaders on the Armed Services committees have proposed a $100 billion increase for next year.
These budget choices are paired in the president’s proposals with massive cuts in diplomacy, development, and other spending that protects our nation: in the State Department, the US Agency for International Development, the Environmental Protection Agency, nutrition and housing assistance, and other key institutions and programs. No matter what your advocacy priorities, they are under threat from the president’s proposal to grow the Pentagon budget.
Congress Is Key
But the president doesn’t have the final word on how our nation spends its money. For this fiscal year, Congress approved about half the Pentagon budget increase that the president pushed for. This $15 billion Pentagon spending increase is still more than the entire budget for our diplomatic engagement across the world.
The Constitution stipulates that Congress determines how our nation spends its money, and lawmakers from both major political parties have said that the president’s overall budget priorities for next year are “dead on arrival.”
That is why our FCNL community is focusing on encouraging Congress to rein in out-of-control Pentagon spending. Our advocacy together will make a difference.
A Matter of Faith
As a Quaker-led community, we believe that peace is only possible through peaceful means that includes diplomacy, development, and peacebuilding. A foreign policy and economy increasingly dependent on the military drives up the likelihood of war.
As our legislative policy states, “Militarism has permeated our society, skewing our national budget toward support for the military and its attendant industries and forcing our local economies increasingly to depend on them. We oppose the militarization of US foreign and domestic policy.”
But you don’t have to be a Quaker to see that war isn’t working. Fifteen years of bombings and war have not led to peace in Afghanistan, Iraq, or the countries that are a focus of US military action. Bombing campaigns in Iraq, Afghanistan, and now Syria do nothing to address the reasons for violent extremism and do a great deal to radicalize the people being attacked. Doubling down on this same strategy will not produce a different outcome.
Too often in Congress, the desire to “do something” outweighs consideration of that “something’s” effectiveness. Violence only breeds more violence, yet violence is what the US turns to time and again, despite the evidence that diplomacy and development work has the best chance of producing a long-term solution.
Further increasing the Pentagon’s budget is also fiscally irresponsible. Pentagon spending rose sharply after 9/11, increasing more than 40 percent in 10 years. Even after Congress instituted a cap on federal spending, the $600 billion Pentagon budget is still at or near the levels of the Cold War and Vietnam War. The US spends more than three times what China spends on its military and more than ten times what Russia spends (see chart on pg. 1).
The OCO Slush Fund
Congress also found ways to get around these budget caps for the Pentagon through special Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) funding that was intended just for immediate, unbudgeted war operations — such as a surge of troops in Afghanistan.
FCNL opposes any additional war funding, including through the OCO slush fund. As budget pressures have increased, the Pentagon has begun using this fund to pay for regular, non-war funding, providing a way for Congress to add up to $60 or $70 billion in spending beyond budget caps. While some of the funding goes to purposes we support — such as peacebuilding — we don’t believe the slush fund itself is a good idea.
The Pentagon budget now accounts for more than a quarter of all the money that Congress appropriates. A law passed in the early 1990s requires every government agency to be audited, but the Pentagon’s books still aren’t ready for this basic demonstration of fiscal accountability. Despite multiple extensions, many experts are skeptical that the Pentagon will be able to meet its September deadline for an audit.
This audit matters because of the well-documented waste, fraud, and abuse at the Pentagon, about which members of Congress from both major parties have raised concerns. Weapons systems regularly overrun their budgets or are rendered obsolete while still in development — from the billions-over-budget F-35 fighter jets to the Littoral combat ship that the Pentagon says it doesn’t need.
The Pentagon’s own internal study found some $125 billion in potential savings over five years just in administrative and bureaucratic waste.
The Pentagon’s requests for money, supported by big business, are just part of the problem. Each year, Congress approves new money for Pentagon expenditures that the military hasn’t even requested because spending supports jobs in the military and defense industry.
For example, while many of our nation’s military leaders question the need for a land-based ICBM missile system, senators from all three states where missile sites are located keep championing their usefulness. These senators are understandably concerned about jobs for their constituents. In fact, investment in the Pentagon is one of the least effective ways to create jobs.
The Pentagon itself has noted the excessive number of military bases around the country and around the world, but members of Congress routinely oppose any efforts to close bases in their states or districts. Sens. John McCain (AZ) and Jack Reed (RI) and Rep. Adam Smith (WA) have all said a new effort to establish a Base Realignment and Closure process (known in Congress as BRAC) should begin in 2019. Savings could amount to $2 billion a year or more.
We Can Halt Spending Increases
When we blindly hand over our country’s resources to the Pentagon while starving successful programs that care for our neighbors, the earth, and each other, we have lost sight of our priorities as a country. We also deprive our leaders and our country of the necessary tools to avoid war.
Our collective strength is not a tally of how many wars we win. It is a measure of the free, just, and equitable society we create. The administration’s efforts to add to an already bloated Pentagon budget move us farther away from creating that society. Together, we can stop these dangerous proposals.
“We Can’t Kill Our Way to Victory”
Friends Committee on National Legislation Newsletter
(May 2017 Issue) — The Trump administration may believe that violence and its threat is enough to advance US interests, but few policy experts or military leaders agree. Instead, they argue that an “America first” approach will be more expensive, feed cycles of crisis that allow extremism to thrive, and put US troops in needless danger.
“The State Department, USAID . . . and other development agencies are critical to preventing conflict and reducing the need to put our men and women in uniform in harm’s way,” more than 120 retired generals told Congress in late February. These military leaders echo the bipartisan panel convened by FCNL last year, which concluded that early conflict prevention programs “help forestall open-ended crises that are far more damaging to American interests and power and far costlier to the American taxpayer.”
Gen. Thomas Waldhauser, head of US Command in Africa, was even more direct in his testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee in March. He told senators, “We could knock off all of ISIL and Boko Haram this afternoon, but by the end of the week, those ranks would be filled. Many people, especially those in uniform, have said we can’t kill our way to victory here.”
Yet the Trump administration’s budget proposal seeks to do just that. And Pentagon budget increases are likely to come at the expense of the very programs with proven effectiveness to prevent violence and build peace.
At a time when the US is facing multiple foreign policy crises, the US should increase investment in the cost-effective programs that promote diplomacy, development, and international cooperation. We need more tools in our foreign policy toolbox, not fewer.
President Trump’s budget blueprint for 2018 calls for a 29 percent reduction in funding for the State Department and USAID. It specifically eliminates programs that effectively prevent violent conflict, mass atrocities, and genocide.
These programs include the Complex Crises Fund, which allows USAID to respond quickly and flexibly to emerging and unforeseen violence; and the US Institute for Peace, which works directly in conflict situations.
In addition, the budget proposes to “reduce or end funding for international organizations whose missions do not substantially advance US foreign policy interests.” US contributions to the United Nations could be cut by half. Those “savings” would enable the Trump administration to make good its promises to increase Pentagon spending.
The savings from eliminating these programs are modest at best. The Complex Crises Fund received $30 million in 2016 — less than one percent of what the US spends each year on construction of a single F-35 fighter jet.
The State Department’s 2017 budget is a mere fraction of the Pentagon’s $600 billion annual expenditure. For that investment, however, the US is able to prevent violence before it breaks out and help to create a more secure, democratic, and prosperous world.
It is up to Congress to protect this essential funding, not give it away to the Pentagon. To achieve peace, we need to strengthen, not weaken our nation’s capacity to build it.
Opportunities to Cut Pentagon Spending this Year
(May 2017 Issue) — President Trump wants to increase Pentagon spending, but Congress will make the ultimate decision. While Congress is often only too eager to fund military programs — whether or not the Pentagon requests them — members are open to influence from their constituents.
Time and again this year, your members of Congress will be asked whether to add more money to the Pentagon’s already excessive and unaccountable budget. Your advocacy can make a difference in whether Congress will reject these proposals.
May – July
Representatives will vote on both military policy and appropriations. The National Defense Authorization Act sets what the US could spend money on. Rep. Mac Thornberry (TX), who leads negotiations over what goes into the authorization bill, is seeking a $90 billion increase in Pentagon spending. But other representatives will push back on these increases with their own amendments — if they hear enough support from their constituents.
Once the military policy is set, the military appropriations bill determines how much the Pentagon can actually spend. That legislation provides another opportunity for representatives to reject increased Pentagon spending.
August
At town halls and meetings with constituents in August, members will gauge voters’ views headed into the fall. This is an important opportunity to let your members know you oppose Pentagon spending increases.
September – October
The Senate will take up military authorization and appropriations bills. As in the House, senators can offer amendments and go on the record against new Pentagon spending.
Congress must make a decision about how to fund the government by the end of its fiscal year on September 30. It is likely that Congress will pass a continuing resolution by that date to give more time to complete authorization and appropriations bills.
Sometime this fall, the US will hit the “debt ceiling,” a limit Congress has set for how much money the US can borrow. The debt ceiling determines whether the government can pay for existing obligations. Unless Congress raises this limit, the US government will not be able to pay creditors and will default on its loans. A US default would have devastating consequences for the global economy.
With a great deal at stake in raising the debt ceiling, some members of Congress are likely to ask for conditions before they will agree to a vote, including rolling back caps on Pentagon spending set in 2013. FCNL opposes this move if it allows Pentagon spending to increase while cutting key health care, food assistance, and other domestic programs.
November – December
At the end of the year, Congress will make binding decisions about how much money the Pentagon will get in 2018, and possibly 2019, when it passes final appropriations and authorization bills.
Throughout this year, members need to hear steady opposition to increased Pentagon spending. Knowing that their constituents value investment in programs that build peace and true security, rather than in the tools and strategies of violence, can help give representatives and senators the support they need to vote against more Pentagon spending.
Resources on Pentagon Spending
Jamie DeMarco, Jim Cason, Maiya Zwerling / Friends Committee on National Legislation
(February 24, 2017) — The United States should not increase the military budget as some Congressional leaders are urging. Review four fact sheets on why a Pentagon spending increase will be a waste of funds and not make America any safer:
Four Sources of Pentagon Waste
The Pentagon spends more than $600 billion annually. Now, some congressional leaders want to add an additional $430 billion over the next five years. The US still spends three times as much as China and 10 times as much as Russia.
This year, President Trump is expected to ask for an additional $54 billion in Pentagon spending. The military doesn’t lack funds; it does lack a culture of fiscal responsibility. Here are four programs Congress could cut to reduce Pentagon spending by $40 billion.
Senate Letter Calling for an Audit of the Pentagon
Eight senators have signed a bipartisan letter calling on Secretary Mattis to complete a successful audit of the Pentagon. The Pentagon is the only department that has never completed an audit. The signatures of the letter are Senators Grassley, Ernst, Warren, Cruz, Blumenthal, Johnson, Fischer, and Hirono.
Does Pentagon Spending Produce Jobs?
Heidi Garrett-Peltier with Brown University has studied how many jobs are created through different uses of federal spending. In her report, The Job Opportunity Cost of War, she found that per dollar military spending is less effective at creating jobs than 4 other option she studied, including giving the dollars back to the tax payer.
$1 billion invested in education will create twice as many jobs as $1 billion invested in the military. If members of Congress want to create American jobs, then this study suggests they should be taking money out of the military, not putting more into it.
Comparing US Military Spending to Other Countries
In 2015 the United States poured more funds into the military than the next 7 countries combined.
The military budget of the United States is nearly three times what China spends and nearly ten times what Russia spends. The United States has the most powerful military force in the globe. Increasing the Pentagon budget even further will not make Americans safer; it will only waste more funds.
Where Do Your Income Tax Dollars Go?
Through taxes and other revenues, Congress and the president administer trillions of dollars of federal spending. A country’s budget is a black-and-white reflection of its priorities. The United States’ budget reflects a misalignment between our nation’s needs and our government’s spending priorities. The US should do more to support and protect people, and it should spend less money on war and violence.
Four Pentagon Experts Who Dispute a ‘Readiness Crisis’
Defense hawks in Congress have been clamoring about a so called “readiness crisis” in the US military. In reality Pentagon spending is as high today as it was at the height of the cold war, and multiple military experts have publicly said that we should seriously question the validity of a “readiness crisis”.
What is the US Government Spending on the Pentagon and War?
War spending is more than just the Pentagon budget. Nuclear weapons, veteran affairs, the FBI, and other war related operations all contribute to a staggeringly large price tag for war. This table breaks down the $900 billion the US will spend in 2017, and the increase we could see in 2018.
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