Ukraine Is US’ Latest Neocon Disaster
Jeffrey D. Sachs / China Daily
(July 1, 2022) — The Ukraine crisis is the culmination of a 30-year project of the American neoconservative movement. The Joe Biden administration is packed with the same neocons who championed the United States’ wars of choice in Serbia (1999), Afghanistan (2001), Iraq (2003), Syria (2011) and Libya (2011), and who did so much to provoke Russia regarding Ukraine.
The neocon track record is one of unmitigated disaster, yet President Biden has staffed his team with neocons. As a result, Biden is steering Ukraine, the US and the European Union toward yet another geopolitical debacle. If Europe has any insight, it will separate itself from these US foreign policy debacles.
The neocon movement emerged in the 1970s around a group of public intellectuals, several of whom were influenced by the University of Chicago political scientist Leo Strauss and Yale University classicist Donald Kagan. Neocon leaders included Norman Podhoretz, Irving Kristol, Paul Wolfowitz, Robert Kagan (son of Donald), Frederick Kagan (son of Donald), Victoria Nuland (wife of Robert), Elliott Cohen, Elliott Abrams and Kimberley Allen Kagan (wife of Frederick).
The main message of the neocons is that the US must militarily dominate every region of the world, and must confront rising regional powers that could someday challenge US global or regional dominance, most importantly Russia and China. For this purpose, US military force should be pre-positioned in hundreds of military bases around the world and the US should be prepared to lead wars of choice as necessary.
The United Nations is to be used by the US only when useful for US purposes.
This approach was spelled out first by Paul Wolfowitz in his draft Defense Policy Guidance written for the Department of Defense in 2002 when he was deputy secretary of defense. The draft called for extending the US-led security network to Central and Eastern Europe despite the explicit promise in 1990 by then German foreign minister Hans-Dietrich Genscher that German reunification would not be followed by NATO’s eastward enlargement.
Wolfowitz also made the case for US wars of choice, defending America’s right to act independently, even alone, in response to crises of concern to the US. According to General Wesley Clark, (ret.), Wolfowitz had already made clear to Clark on May 1991 that the US would lead regime-change operations in Iraq, Syria and other former Soviet ally countries.
The neocons championed NATO expansion into Ukraine even before that became official US policy under former US president George W. Bush in 2008. They viewed Ukraine’s NATO membership as key to US regional and global dominance. Robert Kagan, historian and political commentator, spelled out the neocon case for NATO enlargement in April 2006:
The Russians and Chinese see nothing natural in (the “color revolutions” of the former Soviet Union), only Western-backed coups designed to advance Western influence in strategically vital parts of the world. Are they so wrong? Might not the successful liberalization of Ukraine, urged and supported by the Western democracies, be but the prelude to the incorporation of that nation into NATO and the European Union — in short, the expansion of Western liberal hegemony?
Robert Kagan acknowledged the dire implication of NATO’s enlargement. He quoted one expert as saying, “the Kremlin is getting ready for the ‘battle for Ukraine’ in all seriousness”. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, both the US and Russia should have sought a neutral Ukraine, as a prudent buffer and safety valve. Instead, the neocons wanted US “hegemony” while the Russians took up the battle partly in defense and partly out of their own imperial pretentions as well.
Shades of the Crimean War (1853-56), when Britain and France sought to weaken Russia in the Black Sea following Russian pressures on the Ottoman Empire.
Robert Kagan penned the article as a private citizen while his wife Victoria Nuland was the US ambassador to NATO during the George W. Bush administration. Nuland has been a neocon operative par excellence. In addition to serving as Bush’s ambassador to NATO, Nuland was former US president Barack Obama’s assistant secretary of state for European and Eurasian Affairs during 2013-17, where she participated in the overthrow of Ukraine’s pro-Russian president Viktor Yanukovych, and now serves as Biden’s undersecretary of state guiding US policy vis-à-vis the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
The neocon outlook is based on an overriding false premise: that the US military, financial, technological and economic superiority enables it to dictate terms in all regions of the world. It is a position of both remarkable hubris and remarkable disdain of evidence.
Since the 1950s, the US has been stymied or defeated in nearly every regional conflict in which it has participated. Yet in the “battle for Ukraine”, the neocons were ready to provoke a military confrontation with Russia by expanding NATO over Russia’s vehement objections because they fervently believe that Russia will be defeated by US financial sanctions and NATO’s weaponry.
The Institute for the Study of War, a neocon think tank led by Kimberley Allen Kagan (and backed by a who’s who of defense contractors such as General Dynamics and Raytheon), continues to promise a Ukrainian victory. Regarding Russia’s advances, the ISW offered a typical comment:
“Regardless of which side holds the city (of Sievierodonetsk), the Russian offensive at the operational and strategic levels will probably have culminated, giving Ukraine the chance to restart its operational-level counteroffensives to push Russian forces back.”
The facts on the ground, however, suggest otherwise. The West’s economic sanctions have had little adverse impact on Russia, while their “boomerang” effect on the rest of the world has been large.
Moreover, Washington’s capacity to resupply Ukraine with ammunition and weaponry is hamstrung by the US’ limited production capacity and broken supply chains. Russia’s industrial capacity of course dwarfs that of Ukraine’s. Russia’s GDP was roughly 10 times that of Ukraine before the conflict, and Ukraine has now lost much of its industrial capacity.
The most likely outcome of the current fighting is that Russia will conquer a large swath of Ukraine, perhaps leaving Ukraine landlocked or nearly so. Frustration will rise in Europe and the US with the military losses and the stagflationary consequences of war and sanctions.
The knock-on effects could be devastating, if a right-wing demagogue in the US rises to power (or in the case of Donald Trump, returns to power) promising to restore the US’ faded military glory through dangerous escalation.
Instead of risking this disaster, the real solution is to end the neocon fantasies of the past 30 years and for Ukraine and Russia to return to the negotiating table, with NATO committing to abandon its goal of eastward expansion to Ukraine and Georgia in return for a viable peace that respects and protects Ukraine’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.
The author is an economist, public policy analyst and director of The Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University, where he holds the title of university professor. The views don’t necessarily reflect those of China Daily.
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